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Inwersja: ćwiczenia z odpowiedziami i karta pracy PDF

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Inwersja brzmi poważnie, ale słyszysz ją częściej, niż myślisz: w mailach z pracy, w opowieściach i w filmach. Na początek masz krótkie zasady, a pod nimi 51 zadań w sześciu zestawach, od Never have I po Had I known. Każde sprawdza się od razu, a po dobrej odpowiedzi możesz odsłuchać całe zdanie.

Wolisz papier? Pod ćwiczeniami jest karta pracy PDF do druku i osobna wersja z kluczem odpowiedzi.

Inwersja w skrócie

Never, Rarely, Seldom na początku zdania

Kiedy zaczynasz od słowa z przeczeniem albo ograniczeniem, dalej idzie szyk jak w pytaniu: najpierw czasownik posiłkowy, potem osoba. Brzmi to mocniej i bardziej uroczyście niż zwykłe zdanie.

Never have I seen such a mess. (Nigdy nie widziałem takiego bałaganu.)
Rarely do we eat out during the week. (Rzadko jemy na mieście w tygodniu.)

Not only… but also

Po Not only stawiasz do, does, did albo inny czasownik posiłkowy. Druga część zdania, z but also, ma już zwykły szyk.

Not only did she finish the report, but she also checked all the numbers. (Nie tylko skończyła raport, ale też sprawdziła wszystkie liczby.)
Not only is the hotel cheap, but it is also close to the beach. (Hotel jest nie tylko tani, ale też blisko plaży.)

Hardly, No sooner, Little did I know

Tak opowiadasz o tym, co stało się zaraz potem, albo o czymś, o czym nie miałeś pojęcia. Po Hardly idzie when, a po No sooner idzie than.

Hardly had I sat down when the phone rang. (Ledwo usiadłem, a zadzwonił telefon.)
No sooner had we arrived than it started to rain. (Ledwo przyjechaliśmy, zaczęło padać.)
Little did I know that he was her brother. (Nie miałem pojęcia, że to jej brat.)

Only then, Only when, Only after

Inwersja przychodzi dopiero w drugiej części zdania, po tym, co następuje po only. To znaczy „dopiero wtedy” albo „dopiero kiedy”.

Only when I got home did I realize I had lost my wallet. (Dopiero w domu zorientowałem się, że zgubiłem portfel.)
Only then did I understand the problem. (Dopiero wtedy zrozumiałem problem.)

Should, Had, Were zamiast if

W mailach i oficjalnych zdaniach możesz pominąć if i zacząć od Should, Had albo Were. Przeczenie robisz pełnym not: Had I not, nigdy Hadn’t I.

Should you need any help, let me know. (Gdybyś potrzebował pomocy, daj znać.)
Had I known about the traffic, I would have left earlier. (Gdybym wiedział o korkach, wyszedłbym wcześniej.)
Were I in your position, I would take the job. (Na Twoim miejscu przyjąłbym tę pracę.)

Ćwiczenie 1: Never have I, Not only did she

Wpisz czasownik posiłkowy, osobę i czasownik w odpowiedniej formie. Pamiętaj o szyku jak w pytaniu.

Never ___ (I / see) such a long line at the airport.

have I seen

Rarely ___ (we / eat) dinner before eight.

do we eat

Seldom ___ (my boss / praise) anyone in meetings.

does my boss praise

Never ___ (I / hear) such a ridiculous excuse.

have I heard

Not only ___ (she / speak) French, but she also speaks German.

does she speak

Not only ___ (they / miss) the train, but they also lost their luggage.

did they miss

Hardly ___ (I / sit) down when my phone rang.

had I sat

No sooner ___ (we / arrive) at the beach than it started to rain.

had we arrived

Little ___ (I / know) that she was my new boss.

did I know

Only when I got home ___ (I / realize) that I had lost my keys.

did I realize

Ćwiczenie 2: Should you, Had I, Were I

Przepisz początek zdania bez if. Zacznij od Should, Had albo Were. W przeczeniu wpisz pełne not.

If you need any help, call me. → ___ any help, call me.

Should you need

If I had known about the delay, I would have taken a later flight. → ___ about the delay, I would have taken a later flight.

Had I known

If you have any questions, please contact our office. → ___ any questions, please contact our office.

Should you have

If we had left earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show. → ___ earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the show.

Had we left

If the package arrives damaged, let us know. → ___ damaged, let us know.

Should the package arrive

If she had asked me, I would have helped her. → ___ me, I would have helped her.

Had she asked

If I were you, I would talk to HR. → ___ you, I would talk to HR.

Were I

If they hadn’t called, we would have waited all night. → ___ called, we would have waited all night.

Had they not

If you change your mind, just send me an email. → ___ your mind, just send me an email.

Should you change

Ćwiczenie 3: wybierz poprawną formę

Wybierz formę, która pasuje do początku zdania. Zwróć uwagę na szyk i na słowa when oraz than.

Not only ___ late, but he also forgot the documents.

he was
was he
did he was

Rarely ___ such good service in a restaurant.

we get
do we get
we do get

No sooner had I paid the bill ___ I saw the sale sign.

when
than
that

Hardly had we started the meeting ___ the power went out.

when
than
then

Little ___ that the company was about to close.

we knew
we did know
did we know

Only after the meeting ___ how serious the problem was.

did I understand
I understood
I did understand

___ you need a ride to the airport, just let me know.

Should
Would
Had

___ I known it was your birthday, I would have bought you a gift.

If
Had
Should

Never ___ so much snow in April.

I have seen
have I seen
I saw

Ćwiczenie 4: wybierz poprawne zdanie

Najczęstsze pułapki: zwykły szyk po Never, brak did po Not only i zła forma po Had.

Pick the correct sentence.

Never I have been to Asia.
Never have I been to Asia.
Never have been I to Asia.

Pick the correct sentence.

Not only did we lose the game, but we also lost our best player.
Not only we lost the game, but we also lost our best player.
Not only lost we the game, but we also lost our best player.

Pick the correct sentence.

Had I knew, I would have called you.
Had I known, I would have called you.
Had I know, I would have called you.

Pick the correct sentence.

Only then I realized my mistake.
Only then realized I my mistake.
Only then did I realize my mistake.

Pick the correct sentence.

Should you have any problems, call our help desk.
Should you to have any problems, call our help desk.
Should you having any problems, call our help desk.

Pick the correct sentence.

Hardly I had closed the door when the doorbell rang.
Hardly had I closed the door when the doorbell rang.
Hardly had closed I the door when the doorbell rang.

Ćwiczenie 5: ułóż zdanie

Ułóż zdanie z rozsypanych słów. Każde zaczyna się od słowa, po którym przychodzi inwersja.

Powiedz, że nigdy nie widziałeś takiego korka.

Never have I seen such a bad traffic jam.

Powiedz, że rzadko pracujesz w weekendy.

Rarely do I work on weekends.

Powiedz, że nie miałeś pojęcia, że ona jest jego siostrą.

Little did I know that she was his sister.

Powiedz, że dopiero wtedy zrozumiałeś problem.

Only then did I understand the problem.

Powiedz, że ledwo usiadłeś, a zadzwonił telefon.

Hardly had I sat down when the phone rang.

Powiedz, że ledwo przyjechaliście, a zaczęło padać.

No sooner had we arrived than it started raining.

Powiedz, że dopiero po powrocie do domu zauważyłeś błąd.

Only when I got home did I notice the mistake.

Powiedz, że rzadko jecie razem kolację.

Seldom do we have dinner together.

Ćwiczenie 6: znajdź błąd

W każdym zdaniu jest jeden błąd. Dotknij złego słowa, a zamieni się w poprawne.

Never I have eaten such good pizza.

Never have I eaten such good pizza.

Not only does she sings, but she also plays the piano.

Not only does she sing, but she also plays the piano.

Hardly had I left the office than it started to snow.

Hardly had I left the office when it started to snow.

No sooner had we ordered when the food arrived.

No sooner had we ordered than the food arrived.

Little I did know about his plans.

Little did I know about his plans.

Had I know about the party, I would have come.

Had I known about the party, I would have come.

Should you needed more information, please call us.

Should you need more information, please call us.

Only when she called I did understand the situation.

Only when she called did I understand the situation.

Rarely does we go out on weeknights.

Rarely do we go out on weeknights.

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