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Because i because of: ćwiczenia z odpowiedziami i karta pracy PDF

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Because i because of wyglądają prawie tak samo, ale po jednym idzie całe zdanie, a po drugim sam rzeczownik. Na początek masz krótkie zasady, a pod nimi 51 zadań w sześciu zestawach: because, since, as, due to, so i so that. Każde sprawdza się od razu, a po dobrej odpowiedzi możesz odsłuchać całe zdanie.

Wolisz papier? Pod ćwiczeniami jest karta pracy PDF do druku i osobna wersja z kluczem odpowiedzi.

Because, because of i spółka w skrócie

Because + zdanie, because of + rzeczownik

Po because mówisz, co się stało: osoba i czasownik. Po because of stawiasz tylko rzeczownik, na przykład the rain albo a cold.

I stayed home because I was sick. (Zostałem w domu, bo byłem chory.)
I stayed home because of a cold. (Zostałem w domu z powodu przeziębienia.)

Since i as: „skoro”, „ponieważ”

Since i as też podają powód, ale zwykle wtedy, gdy ten powód jest oczywisty. Często stoją na początku zdania.

Since it’s your birthday, dinner is on me. (Skoro masz urodziny, kolacja na mój koszt.)
As we were early, we had a coffee first. (Ponieważ byliśmy wcześniej, najpierw wypiliśmy kawę.)

Due to i owing to: wersja oficjalna

Due to i owing to działają jak because of: po nich idzie rzeczownik. Usłyszysz je w komunikatach na lotnisku, w mailach i w wiadomościach.

The game was canceled due to bad weather. (Mecz odwołano z powodu złej pogody.)
Owing to a technical problem, the store is closed today. (Z powodu problemu technicznego sklep jest dziś zamknięty.)

So i therefore: skutek

Because mówi, dlaczego. So mówi, co z tego wynikło. Therefore znaczy to samo co so, ale brzmi bardziej oficjalnie i zwykle zaczyna nowe zdanie.

The store was closed, so I ordered online. (Sklep był zamknięty, więc zamówiłem przez internet.)
Sales went down. Therefore, we need a new plan. (Sprzedaż spadła. Dlatego potrzebujemy nowego planu.)

So that: cel, czyli „żeby”

So that mówi, po co coś robisz. Po nim zwykle pojawia się can, could albo would.

I left early so that I could catch the bus. (Wyszedłem wcześniej, żeby zdążyć na autobus.)
Speak louder so that everyone can hear you. (Mów głośniej, żeby wszyscy Cię słyszeli.)

Ćwiczenie 1: because czy because of?

Wpisz because albo because of. Jeśli dalej jest osoba i czasownik, wpisz because. Jeśli sam rzeczownik, wpisz because of.

We stayed inside ___ the heat.

because of | due to | owing to

I can’t come to the party ___ I have to work on Saturday.

because | since | as

She was late for work ___ an accident on the highway.

because of | due to | owing to

He’s tired ___ he didn’t sleep well last night.

because | since | as

I love this café ___ the music.

because of

We moved to the suburbs ___ the kids needed more space.

because | since | as

The kids were excited ___ the snow.

because of

I bought this phone ___ it has a great camera.

because | since | as

My knee hurts ___ an old injury.

because of | due to | owing to

They’re saving money ___ they want to buy a house.

because | since | as

Ćwiczenie 2: because czy so?

Wpisz because albo so. Because podaje powód, so podaje skutek. Niektóre zdania są w parach, żebyś zobaczył różnicę.

It started to rain, ___ we went back to the hotel.

We went back to the hotel ___ it started to rain.

because | since | as

The printer was broken, ___ I sent the file by email.

I sent the file by email ___ the printer was broken.

because | since | as

My sister lives nearby, ___ we see each other a lot.

I didn’t call you ___ my phone was dead.

because | since | as

The restaurant was full, ___ we ordered pizza at home.

She speaks three languages, ___ she got a job at the embassy.

We’re out of milk, ___ I’m going to the store.

Ćwiczenie 3: wybierz właściwe słowo

Wybierz słowo, które pasuje. Sprawdź, co jest dalej: całe zdanie, sam rzeczownik, a może cel.

The concert was postponed ___ a technical problem.

because
due to
so that

___ you’re here, can you help me move this couch?

Since
Because of
Due to

I took a jacket ___ I wouldn’t get cold.

so that
because of
therefore

Our sales dropped last year. ___, we had to cut costs.

Because
Because of
Therefore

She called in sick ___ a bad headache.

because
because of
so

___ it was a holiday, all the stores were closed.

As
Due to
So that

We bought a bigger car ___ the whole family could travel together.

because of
so that
therefore

The train was late ___ the snow.

owing to
since
so

I’m learning English ___ I want to work abroad.

because of
due to
because

Ćwiczenie 4: wybierz poprawne zdanie

Najczęstsze pułapki: because of przed całym zdaniem, because bez of przed rzeczownikiem i dwa spójniki naraz.

Pick the correct sentence.

I was late because of I missed the bus.
I was late because I missed the bus.
I was late due to I missed the bus.

Pick the correct sentence.

The school was closed because the storm.
The school was closed because of the storm.
The school was closed so that the storm.

Pick the correct sentence.

Since we had time, so we walked to the museum.
Since we had time, we walked to the museum.
Due to we had time, we walked to the museum.

Pick the correct sentence.

I turned off my phone so that I could focus.
I turned off my phone because of I could focus.
I turned off my phone therefore I could focus.

Pick the correct sentence.

The road is closed due to repairs.
The road is closed due to they are repairing it.
The road is closed so that repairs.

Pick the correct sentence.

He didn’t study. Therefore, he failed the test.
He didn’t study. Because, he failed the test.
He didn’t study. Because of, he failed the test.

Ćwiczenie 5: ułóż zdanie

Ułóż zdanie z rozsypanych słów. Tak mówisz, dlaczego coś się stało i po co coś robisz.

Powiedz, że nie mogłeś spać przez hałas.

I couldn’t sleep because of the noise.

Powiedz, że ona jest szczęśliwa, bo dostała podwyżkę.

She is happy because she got a raise.

Powiedz, że spotkanie odwołano z powodu burzy.

The meeting was canceled due to the storm.

Powiedz, że wyszedłeś wcześniej, żeby zdążyć na pociąg.

I left early so that I could catch the train.

Zapytaj, czy ktoś się spóźnił przez korki.

Were you late because of the traffic?

Powiedz, że zapisujesz to, żeby nie zapomnieć.

I’m writing it down so that I don’t forget.

Powiedz, że zamówiliście jedzenie, bo lodówka była pusta.

We ordered food because the fridge was empty.

Zapytaj, czy ktoś odszedł z pracy przez szefa.

Did you quit your job because of your boss?

Ćwiczenie 6: znajdź błąd

W każdym zdaniu jest jeden błąd. Dotknij złego słowa, a zamieni się w poprawne.

The trip was canceled due of the storm.

The trip was canceled due to the storm.

I’m tired so I didn’t sleep well.

I’m tired because I didn’t sleep well.

I left early because I could catch the bus.

I left early so I could catch the bus.

We stayed home because the bad weather.

We stayed home because of bad weather.

Owing for the strike, all trains are delayed.

Owing to the strike, all trains are delayed.

The coffee was cold, because I made a new one.

The coffee was cold, so I made a new one.

Since of my cold, I missed the wedding.

Because of my cold, I missed the wedding.

Therefore it was expensive, we didn’t buy it.

Since it was expensive, we didn’t buy it.

The streets are wet because to the rain.

The streets are wet because of the rain.

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