6 minPresent Perfect Simple i Continuous łatwo pomylić, bo oba łączą przeszłość z teraźniejszością. Różnica jest prosta: jeden mówi o wyniku, drugi o czynności, która trwa. Na początek masz krótkie zasady, a pod nimi 49 zdań w sześciu zestawach, od how many po how long. Każde sprawdza się od razu, a po dobrej odpowiedzi możesz odsłuchać całe zdanie.
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Simple czy Continuous w skrócie
Simple: wynik, coś jest zrobione
Have i trzecia forma mówią o efekcie. Coś jest skończone i widać rezultat, a czas trwania nie jest ważny.
- I’ve painted the bedroom. (Pomalowałem sypialnię.)
- She’s fixed the printer. (Naprawiła drukarkę.)
Continuous: czynność, która trwa
Have been i -ing mówią o samej czynności. Często jeszcze trwa albo właśnie się skończyła i widać jej ślady: zmęczenie, bałagan, brudne ręce.
- I’ve been painting all day. (Cały dzień maluję.)
- Your hands are dirty. Have you been working in the garden? (Masz brudne ręce. Pracowałeś w ogrodzie?)
How many czy how long?
Kiedy liczysz sztuki albo razy (how many, how much, three times), wybierasz Simple. Kiedy pytasz, jak długo coś trwa (how long, for, since, all day), wybierasz Continuous.
- I’ve written three emails. (Napisałem trzy maile.)
- I’ve been writing emails all morning. (Cały ranek piszę maile.)
- How long have you been waiting? (Jak długo czekasz?)
Czasowniki stanu tylko w Simple
Know, like, have w znaczeniu „mieć”, belong i podobne czasowniki nie mają formy -ing. Nawet z for i since zostają w Simple.
- I’ve known Mark since high school. (Znam Marka od liceum.)
- She’s had this phone for five years. (Ma ten telefon od pięciu lat.)
Live i work: oba są w porządku
Przy live, work i teach z for albo since obie formy znaczą prawie to samo. Continuous brzmi trochę bardziej jak coś tymczasowego.
- We’ve lived here for ten years. (Mieszkamy tu od dziesięciu lat.)
- We’ve been living here for ten years. (Mieszkamy tu od dziesięciu lat.)
Ćwiczenie 1: have done czy have been doing?
Wpisz czasownik w Present Perfect Simple albo Continuous. Patrz na wskazówki: liczba sztuk, czas trwania, widoczny wynik.
I ___ (paint) the living room all day. I’m exhausted.
have been painting | 've been painting
Look! I ___ (paint) the living room. What do you think?
have painted | 've painted
She ___ (call) the bank three times today.
has called | 's called
She ___ (talk) on the phone for an hour.
has been talking | 's been talking
How many cups of coffee ___ you ___ (drink) today?
have ; drunk | had
How long ___ you ___ (wait) here?
have ; been waiting
We ___ (save) money for a new car since January.
have been saving | 've been saving | have saved | 've saved
We ___ (save) $5,000 so far.
have saved | 've saved
I ___ (know) Mark since high school.
have known | 've known
Your eyes are red. ___ you ___ (cry)?
Have ; been crying
Ćwiczenie 2: ile zrobiłeś czy jak długo to robisz?
Zdania idą parami z tym samym czasownikiem. W jednym liczysz wynik, w drugim mówisz, jak długo coś trwa.
I ___ (read) this novel for two weeks, and I’m on page 90.
have been reading | 've been reading
I ___ (read) four novels this year.
have read | 've read
He ___ (fix) cars since he was eighteen.
has been fixing | 's been fixing | has fixed
He ___ (fix) my car. It runs perfectly now.
has fixed | 's fixed
They ___ (build) the new bridge for two years, and it still isn’t finished.
have been building | 've been building
They ___ (build) three new schools in our town.
have built | 've built
I ___ (write) my thesis all summer, and I’m only halfway done.
have been writing | 've been writing
I ___ (not / finish) my thesis yet.
haven’t finished | have not finished
This house ___ (belong) to my family for a hundred years.
has belonged | 's belonged
Ćwiczenie 3: wynik czy czynność?
Wybierz poprawną formę. Skończony wynik to have + trzecia forma, czynność i jej ślady to have been + -ing.
I ___ my homework. Can I go out now?
- have been doing
- have done
- am doing
I’m all sweaty because I ___.
- have run
- have been running
- run
She ___ this phone for five years.
- has been having
- has had
- is having
How many countries ___?
- have you been visiting
- have you visited
- are you visiting
We ___ about moving to Texas for months, but we can’t decide.
- have been talking
- are talking
- talk
Someone ___ my sandwich! It’s gone.
- has been eating
- has eaten
- is eating
Someone ___ my shampoo. The bottle is almost empty.
- has been using
- is used
- have used
I ___ that movie twice.
- have been seeing
- have seen
- am seeing
It ___ since this morning. The streets are flooded.
- has been raining
- is raining
- rains
Ćwiczenie 4: wybierz poprawne zdanie
Najczęstsze pułapki: czasowniki stanu z -ing, Continuous przy liczbie sztuk i zgubione been.
Pick the correct sentence.
- I have been knowing her for years.
- I have known her for years.
- I am knowing her for years.
Pick the correct sentence.
- I have cleaning the house all day.
- I have been cleaning the house all day.
- I has been cleaning the house all day.
Pick the correct sentence.
- She has been writing three reports today.
- She has written three reports today.
- She have written three reports today.
Pick the correct sentence.
- How long have you been learning English?
- How long are you learning English?
- How long you have been learning English?
Pick the correct sentence.
- She has been liking jazz since college.
- She has liked jazz since college.
- She is liking jazz since college.
Pick the correct sentence.
- We have visited Chicago twice this year.
- We have been visiting Chicago twice this year.
- We have visit Chicago twice this year.
Ćwiczenie 5: ułóż zdanie
Ułóż zdanie z rozsypanych słów. Raz mówisz o wyniku, raz o tym, jak długo coś trwa.
Powiedz, że od rana sprzątasz kuchnię.
I have been cleaning the kitchen since this morning.
Powiedz, że już posprzątałeś kuchnię.
I have already cleaned the kitchen.
Zapytaj, ile filmów ktoś obejrzał w tym miesiącu.
How many movies have you watched this month?
Zapytaj, jak długo ktoś tu mieszka.
How long have you been living here?
Powiedz, że znasz Annę od dziesięciu lat.
I have known Anna for ten years.
Powiedz, że ona cały dzień próbuje się do Ciebie dodzwonić.
She has been trying to call me all day.
Powiedz, że wysłałeś dziś pięć maili.
I have sent five emails today.
Ćwiczenie 6: znajdź błąd
W każdym zdaniu jest jeden błąd. Dotknij złego słowa, a zamieni się w poprawne.
We have been look for a babysitter all week.
We have been looking for a babysitter all week.
He has already finish the report.
He has already finished the report.
They have been living here for 2015.
They have been living here since 2015.
Has she being studying all night?
Has she been studying all night?
I’ve already wrote three reports this week.
I’ve already written three reports this week.
It has been snowing since three hours.
It has been snowing for three hours.
How long have you been learn to drive?
How long have you been learning to drive?
She has lose her keys again.
She has lost her keys again.
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