6 minSpójniki łączą Twoje myśli w dłuższe zdania: chociaż, mimo, jednak, ponieważ, więc. Najwięcej kłopotu sprawia para although i despite, bo po polsku obie znaczą prawie to samo, a w angielskim stoją po nich zupełnie inne rzeczy. Na początek masz krótkie zasady, a pod nimi 52 zadania w sześciu zestawach. Każde sprawdza się od razu, a po dobrej odpowiedzi możesz odsłuchać całe zdanie.
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Spójniki w skrócie
Although, even though, though: chociaż + całe zdanie
Po although i even though stawiasz całe zdanie z podmiotem i czasownikiem. Even though jest mocniejsze. Though na końcu zdania znaczy „ale jednak” i jest bardzo typowe w rozmowie.
- Although it was raining, we went for a walk. (Chociaż padało, poszliśmy na spacer.)
- I went to work even though I was sick. (Poszedłem do pracy, mimo że byłem chory.)
- The hotel was small. It was clean, though. (Hotel był mały. Ale za to czysty.)
Despite i in spite of: mimo + rzeczownik albo -ing
Po despite i in spite of nie ma całego zdania. Stawiasz rzeczownik, czasownik z -ing albo the fact that. Nie mówisz despite of: albo despite, albo in spite of.
- Despite the rain, we went for a walk. (Mimo deszczu poszliśmy na spacer.)
- She got the job in spite of having no experience. (Dostała tę pracę, mimo że nie miała doświadczenia.)
- Despite the fact that it was late, he called me. (Mimo że było późno, zadzwonił do mnie.)
But i however: ale, jednak
But łączy dwie części jednego zdania. However zwykle zaczyna nowe zdanie i stoi po nim przecinek. Ważna pułapka: po although nie dodajesz już but, choć po polsku mówisz „chociaż…, ale”.
- The apartment is small, but it is cheap. (Mieszkanie jest małe, ale tanie.)
- The hotel was great. However, the food was terrible. (Hotel był świetny. Jednak jedzenie było okropne.)
Because, because of i so: ponieważ, z powodu, więc
Po because stawiasz całe zdanie, po because of rzeczownik. So podaje skutek. Nie łączysz because i so w jednym zdaniu, choć po polsku „ponieważ…, więc” brzmi dobrze.
- The flight was late because there was a storm. (Lot się spóźnił, bo była burza.)
- The flight was late because of the storm. (Lot się spóźnił z powodu burzy.)
- It was late, so we took a taxi. (Było późno, więc wzięliśmy taksówkę.)
Ćwiczenie 1: although czy despite?
Wybierz spójnik. Sprawdź, co stoi po luce: całe zdanie czy sam rzeczownik albo -ing.
___ it was raining, we went for a walk.
- Although
- Despite
- In spite of
___ the rain, we went for a walk.
- Although
- Despite
- Even though
She got the job ___ her lack of experience.
- although
- in spite of
- even though
___ I left home early, I got stuck in traffic.
- Even though
- Despite
- In spite of
He went to work ___ feeling sick.
- although
- despite
- even though
We enjoyed the trip ___ the weather was terrible.
- despite
- in spite of
- although
___ the fact that she’s my boss, we’re good friends.
- Despite
- Although
- Even though
In spite ___ the high prices, the hotel was full.
- of
- that
- the
I like my new job. The salary isn’t great, ___.
- although
- though
- despite
___ having two small kids, they travel a lot.
- Although
- Even though
- Despite
Ćwiczenie 2: despite being, in spite of, even though
Wpisz brakujące słowo albo czasownik z -ing. Po despite i in spite of czasownik zawsze ma końcówkę -ing.
Despite ___ (be) tired, I finished the report.
being
In spite ___ the traffic, we got there on time.
of
She passed the exam despite ___ (not / study) much.
not studying
Despite ___ fact that it was expensive, we bought the tickets.
the
He didn’t get the job ___ he had great references.
although | even though | though
The movie was really long. I enjoyed it, ___.
though
We stayed inside in ___ of the nice weather.
spite
Despite ___ (live) in Chicago for years, she still gets lost downtown.
living | having lived
___ though I was exhausted, I went to the gym.
Even
Ćwiczenie 3: but, however, because, because of, so
Wybierz słowo, które pasuje do sensu i do budowy zdania.
I wanted to buy the jacket, ___ it was too expensive.
- but
- however
- because of
Our flight was delayed ___ the storm.
- because
- because of
- so
Our flight was delayed ___ there was a storm.
- because
- because of
- so
It was really late, ___ we took a taxi home.
- because
- but
- so
The hotel was nice. ___, the breakfast was terrible.
- But
- However
- Because
I didn’t go to work yesterday ___ I was sick.
- so
- because
- because of
We canceled the barbecue ___ the rain.
- because
- so
- because of
My car broke down, ___ I had to take the bus.
- so
- because
- however
The apartment is pretty small. It’s close to my office, ___.
- though
- but
- despite
I studied a lot for the test. ___, I didn’t pass.
- However
- Because
- Despite
Ćwiczenie 4: wybierz poprawne zdanie
Najczęstsze polskie pułapki: despite z całym zdaniem, despite of oraz „chociaż…, ale” i „ponieważ…, więc”.
Pick the correct sentence.
- Despite it was cold, we went swimming.
- Although the cold, we went swimming.
- Although it was cold, we went swimming.
Pick the correct sentence.
- She went to work in spite of feeling sick.
- She went to work in spite feeling sick.
- She went to work despite of feeling sick.
Pick the correct sentence.
- I was late because the traffic.
- I was late because of the traffic.
- I was late because of there was traffic.
Pick the correct sentence.
- It was expensive, however we bought it.
- It was expensive, but we bought it.
- It was expensive, but however we bought it.
Pick the correct sentence.
- Even though I tried, but I couldn’t open it.
- Even though I tried, I couldn’t open it.
- Even I tried, I couldn’t open it.
Pick the correct sentence.
- Despite the fact that he’s rich, he lives in a small house.
- Despite he’s rich, he lives in a small house.
- Despite of he’s rich, he lives in a small house.
Pick the correct sentence.
- Because I was tired, so I went to bed early.
- Because I was tired, I went to bed early.
- Because of I was tired, I went to bed early.
Ćwiczenie 5: ułóż zdanie
Ułóż zdanie z rozsypanych słów. Spójnik stoi tu w środku zdania, więc nie potrzebujesz przecinka.
Powiedz, że poszliście na spacer, chociaż padało.
We went for a walk although it was raining.
Powiedz, że ona dostała tę pracę mimo braku doświadczenia.
She got the job despite her lack of experience.
Powiedz, że lot się opóźnił z powodu mgły.
The flight was delayed because of the fog.
Powiedz, że poszedłeś do pracy, mimo że byłeś chory.
I went to work even though I was sick.
Powiedz, że kupiłeś to mieszkanie mimo wysokiej ceny.
I bought the apartment in spite of the high price.
Powiedz, że uczysz się angielskiego, bo potrzebujesz go w pracy.
I’m learning English because I need it for work.
Powiedz, że skończyłeś raport mimo zmęczenia.
I finished the report despite being tired.
Powiedz, że oni nadal tam mieszkają, mimo że czynsz jest wysoki.
They still live there even though the rent is high.
Ćwiczenie 6: znajdź błąd
W każdym zdaniu jest jeden błąd. Dotknij złego słowa, a zamieni się w poprawne.
Despite it was late, we kept talking.
Although it was late, we kept talking.
She went running although the rain.
She went running despite the rain.
It was cold, because I wore a jacket.
It was cold, so I wore a jacket.
I like the job. The pay is low, despite.
I like the job. The pay is low, though.
In spite of be tired, she finished the project.
In spite of being tired, she finished the project.
We missed the bus because the heavy traffic.
We missed the bus because of heavy traffic.
Although the traffic, we arrived on time.
Despite the traffic, we arrived on time.
I stayed late at work, so I had a deadline.
I stayed late at work because I had a deadline.
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