6 minKiedy opowiadasz, o co ktoś Cię zapytał albo co kazał Ci zrobić, potrzebujesz mowy zależnej: She asked me where I worked, The doctor told me to rest. Na początek masz krótkie zasady, a pod nimi 53 zadania w sześciu zestawach, od asked if po asked me not to. Każde sprawdza się od razu, a po dobrej odpowiedzi możesz odsłuchać całe zdanie.
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Pytania i polecenia w mowie zależnej
Pytanie z where, what, why: zwykły szyk i czas o krok wstecz
Po asked zostawiasz słowo pytające, a dalej mówisz jak w zwykłym zdaniu: osoba, potem czasownik, bez do, does i did. Czas cofa się o krok: is na was, do na formę przeszłą, will na would.
- "Where do you work?" → She asked me where I worked. (Zapytała, gdzie pracuję.)
- "What are you doing?" → He asked what I was doing. (Zapytał, co robię.)
Pytanie tak albo nie: asked if albo asked whether
Gdy pytanie nie ma słowa pytającego, wstawiasz if albo whether, czyli „czy”. Reszta działa tak samo: zwykły szyk i czas o krok wstecz.
- "Are you free on Friday?" → My boss asked if I was free on Friday. (Szef zapytał, czy mam wolny piątek.)
- "Did you enjoy the trip?" → She asked whether I had enjoyed the trip. (Zapytała, czy podobała mi się wycieczka.)
Polecenia i prośby: told me to, asked me to
Polecenie przekazujesz przez told + osoba + to + czasownik. Prośbę przez asked + osoba + to + czasownik. Nie ma tu that ani zmiany czasu.
- "Turn off your phone." → She told me to turn off my phone. (Kazała mi wyłączyć telefon.)
- "Please call me back." → He asked me to call him back. (Poprosił, żebym oddzwonił.)
Zakaz: not to
Kiedy ktoś czegoś zabrania, not stawiasz przed to. Zamiast don’t mówisz po prostu not to.
- "Don’t park here." → The guard told us not to park there. (Ochroniarz kazał nam tu nie parkować.)
- "Please don’t tell anyone." → She asked me not to tell anyone. (Poprosiła, żebym nikomu nie mówił.)
Ćwiczenie 1: asked where, asked what
Przekaż pytanie w mowie zależnej. Wpisz czasownik w zwykłym szyku i cofnij czas o krok.
"Where do you work?" → She asked me where I ___.
worked
"What are you doing?" → My mom asked what I ___.
was doing
"How old is your son?" → The nurse asked how old my son ___.
was | is
"When did you arrive?" → The receptionist asked when we ___.
had arrived | arrived
"Why are you leaving?" → My coworker asked me why I ___.
was leaving
"Where have you been?" → My wife asked where I ___.
had been
"What will you do next?" → He asked what I ___ next.
would do
"How much does it cost?" → I asked how much it ___.
cost
"Who are you meeting tonight?" → My sister asked who I ___ that night.
was meeting
"What time can you come?" → I asked the plumber what time he ___.
could come
Ćwiczenie 2: asked if, asked whether
To pytania typu tak albo nie. Wpisz if albo whether, osobę i czasownik w czasie o krok wstecz.
"Do you have a car?" → The agent asked ___ a car.
if I had | whether I had
"Are you free on Friday?" → My boss asked ___ free on Friday.
if I was | whether I was | if I were | whether I were
"Did you enjoy the trip?" → My neighbor asked ___ the trip.
if I had enjoyed | whether I had enjoyed | if I enjoyed | whether I enjoyed
"Can you work late tonight?" → My manager asked ___ late that night.
if I could work | whether I could work
"Have you ever been to Mexico?" → She asked ___ to Mexico.
if I had ever been | whether I had ever been
"Will you be home for dinner?" → My husband asked ___ home for dinner.
if I would be | whether I would be
"Is the hotel near the beach?" → We asked ___ near the beach.
if the hotel was | whether the hotel was | if the hotel is | whether the hotel is
"Does your daughter like school?" → The teacher asked ___ school.
if my daughter liked | whether my daughter liked
"Do you need a bag?" → The cashier asked ___ a bag.
if I needed | whether I needed
Ćwiczenie 3: told me to, asked me not to
Przekaż polecenie albo prośbę. Wpisz to i czasownik, a przy zakazie not to i czasownik.
"Turn off your phone." → The flight attendant told me ___ my phone.
to turn off
"Please don’t park here." → The guard asked us ___ there.
not to park
"Call me when you land." → My mom told me ___ her when I landed.
to call
"Don’t tell anyone." → My friend asked me ___ anyone.
not to tell
"Please send me the file." → My boss asked me ___ him the file.
to send
"Don’t worry." → The doctor told me ___.
not to worry
"Wait here, please." → The receptionist asked us ___ there.
to wait
"Don’t forget your passport." → My wife reminded me ___ my passport.
not to forget
"Could you speak more slowly?" → I asked her ___ more slowly.
to speak
Ćwiczenie 4: wybierz poprawną formę
Wybierz brakującą część. Pamiętaj o zwykłym szyku po asked i o to przy poleceniach.
She asked me where ___ born.
- I was
- was I
- am I
He asked ___ I wanted coffee or tea.
- whether
- that
- what
The officer told me ___ out of the car.
- get
- to get
- that I get
My landlord asked me ___ loud music after ten.
- not to play
- don’t play
- not play
They asked us what time ___.
- the party started
- did the party start
- does the party start
I asked the waiter ___ the soup was spicy.
- if
- that
- does
My boss ___ me to finish the report by Monday.
- said
- told
- say
She asked me ___ I was so quiet.
- why
- that
- what
The teacher asked the kids ___ quiet.
- to be
- be
- being
Ćwiczenie 5: ułóż zdanie
Ułóż zdanie z rozsypanych słów. Tak opowiadasz, o co ktoś Cię zapytał i o co poprosił.
Powiedz, że ona zapytała, skąd jesteś.
She asked me where I was from.
Powiedz, że kelner zapytał, czy chcesz deser.
The waiter asked if I wanted dessert.
Powiedz, że lekarz kazał Ci odpocząć.
The doctor told me to rest.
Powiedz, że poprosiłeś ją, żeby nie dzwoniła po dziesiątej.
I asked her not to call after ten.
Powiedz, że szef zapytał, kiedy skończysz raport.
My boss asked when I would finish the report.
Powiedz, że sąsiad poprosił Was, żebyście nakarmili jego kota.
Our neighbor asked us to feed his cat.
Powiedz, że zapytali, czy byłeś kiedyś w Kanadzie.
They asked if I had ever been to Canada.
Ćwiczenie 6: znajdź błąd
W każdym zdaniu jest jeden błąd: zły szyk, złe słowo albo zła forma czasownika. Dotknij złego słowa, a zamieni się w poprawne.
He asked me where was it.
He asked me where it was.
She asked me what time was it.
She asked me what time it was.
My doctor said me not to smoke.
My doctor told me not to smoke.
The waiter asked us that we were ready.
The waiter asked us if we were ready.
She asked me if I have seen the movie.
She asked me if I had seen the movie.
I asked him where he live.
I asked him where he lived.
The officer asked us for show our IDs.
The officer asked us to show our IDs.
He asked me who was I waiting for.
He asked me who I was waiting for.
The nurse told me to waiting outside.
The nurse told me to wait outside.
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