6 minMust i have to przydają się codziennie: kiedy mówisz, co musisz zrobić w pracy, czego nie wolno i czego wcale nie trzeba. Na początek masz krótkie zasady, a pod nimi 50 zdań w sześciu zestawach, od has to i does she have to po had to, will have to i największą pułapkę Polaków, czyli mustn’t kontra don’t have to. Każde zadanie sprawdza się od razu, a po dobrej odpowiedzi możesz odsłuchać całe zdanie.
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Must i have to w skrócie
Must i have to: musisz
W twierdzeniach oba znaczą „muszę”. Must brzmi bardziej jak Twoja decyzja albo oficjalny przepis, have to jak obowiązek z zewnątrz. W codziennym amerykańskim angielskim częściej usłyszysz have to. Pamiętaj o has to przy he, she i it oraz o pytaniach z do i does.
- I have to work late tonight. (Muszę dziś pracować do późna.)
- She has to wear a uniform. (Ona musi nosić uniform.)
- Do you have to pay for parking? (Musisz płacić za parking?)
Mustn’t a don’t have to: pułapka
Po polsku „nie musisz” i „nie wolno Ci” brzmią podobnie, ale po angielsku to dwie różne rzeczy. Mustn’t znaczy zakaz: nie wolno. Don’t have to znaczy brak obowiązku: nie musisz, nie trzeba, ale możesz.
- You mustn’t smoke here. (Nie wolno tu palić.)
- You don’t have to come. (Nie musisz przychodzić.)
Had to i will have to: przeszłość i przyszłość
Must nie ma formy przeszłej ani przyszłej. O tym, co musiałeś zrobić, mówisz had to, a o tym, co będziesz musiał, will have to.
- We had to cancel our trip. (Musieliśmy odwołać wyjazd.)
- I didn’t have to wait long. (Nie musiałem długo czekać.)
- You will have to move to Chicago. (Będziesz musiał przeprowadzić się do Chicago.)
Need to i needn’t: potrzeba i brak potrzeby
Need to działa jak have to. Don’t need to i needn’t znaczą „nie musisz, nie trzeba”. Po needn’t stawiasz goły czasownik, bez to.
- Do I need to make an appointment? (Muszę się umówić?)
- You needn’t worry. (Nie musisz się martwić.)
Ćwiczenie 1: have to, has to, do you have to
Wpisz właściwą formę have to. Przy he, she i it dajesz has to, w pytaniach do albo does, a w przeczeniach don’t albo doesn’t have to.
My wife ___ (have to) leave for work at 6 a.m.
has to
Nurses ___ (have to) work nights sometimes.
have to
___ you ___ (have to) wear a uniform at work?
Do ; have to
What time ___ your son ___ (have to) be at school?
does ; have to
He ___ (not / have to) commute. He works from home.
doesn’t have to | does not have to
We ___ (not / have to) cook tonight. Mom is bringing dinner.
don’t have to | do not have to
Our manager ___ (have to) approve every expense.
has to
___ she ___ (have to) renew her visa this year?
Does ; have to
I ___ (not / have to) show my ID here. They know me.
don’t have to | do not have to
Ćwiczenie 2: had to i will have to
Wpisz had to, didn’t have to, will have to albo won’t have to. Must nie ma przeszłości, więc o tym, co było, mówisz had to.
Our flight was canceled, so we ___ (have to) stay at a hotel.
had to
I ___ (not / have to) wait long at the doctor’s yesterday.
didn’t have to | did not have to
If you take the job, you ___ (have to) move to Chicago.
will have to
My car broke down last week, and I ___ (have to) take the bus.
had to
___ you ___ (have to) pay for parking last night?
Did ; have to
Don’t worry. You ___ (not / have to) do it alone. I’ll help you.
won’t have to | will not have to
She ___ (have to) work two jobs when she was in college.
had to
Next month I ___ (have to) take my driving test again.
will have to | have to
We ___ (not / have to) tip at that restaurant. Service was included.
didn’t have to | did not have to
Ćwiczenie 3: mustn’t czy don’t have to?
Wybierz brakujące słowa. Mustn’t to zakaz, nie wolno. Don’t have to to brak obowiązku, nie musisz.
You ___ smoke in the hotel room. There’s a $250 fine.
- mustn’t
- don’t have to
- don’t need to
You ___ come to the airport. I can take a taxi.
- mustn’t
- don’t have to
- have to
Employees ___ share their passwords with anyone.
- mustn’t
- don’t have to
- doesn’t have to
She ___ work on Fridays. She has a four-day week.
- mustn’t
- don’t have to
- doesn’t have to
You ___ leave your bag unattended at the airport.
- mustn’t
- don’t have to
- needn’t
We ___ book a table. The restaurant is never busy on Mondays.
- mustn’t
- don’t have to
- must
You ___ forget your mom’s birthday again. She was so upset last year.
- mustn’t
- don’t have to
- didn’t have to
You ___ print the ticket. You can show it on your phone.
- mustn’t
- must
- don’t have to
Kids ___ swim here without an adult.
- don’t have to
- mustn’t
- needn’t
Ćwiczenie 4: wybierz poprawne zdanie
Najczęstsze błędy: must to, must w przeszłości, does he has to i needn’t to.
Pick the correct sentence.
- I must to call the bank today.
- I have to call the bank today.
- I have call the bank today.
Pick the correct sentence.
- We had to cancel our trip.
- We must cancel our trip yesterday.
- We musted cancel our trip.
Pick the correct sentence.
- Does he has to work late?
- Do he have to work late?
- Does he have to work late?
Pick the correct sentence.
- You don’t need to bring a gift.
- You don’t need bring a gift.
- You needn’t to bring a gift.
Pick the correct sentence.
- You needn’t worry about the money.
- You needn’t to worry about the money.
- You don’t need worry about the money.
Pick the correct sentence.
- I will must work on Saturday.
- I will have to work on Saturday.
- I will has to work on Saturday.
Pick the correct sentence.
- Do I need to make an appointment?
- Need I to make an appointment?
- Do I need make an appointment?
Ćwiczenie 5: ułóż zdanie
Ułóż zdanie z rozsypanych słów. Tak mówisz o obowiązkach, zakazach i o tym, czego nie trzeba.
Powiedz, że musisz jutro wcześnie wstać.
I have to get up early tomorrow.
Powiedz, że w zeszły weekend musiałeś pracować.
I had to work last weekend.
Zapytaj, czy musisz zapłacić gotówką.
Do I have to pay in cash?
Powiedz koledze, że nie musi Ci oddawać pieniędzy.
You don’t have to pay me back.
Powiedz komuś, że nie wolno mu tu parkować.
You mustn’t park here.
Powiedz, że Twój szef będzie musiał podjąć decyzję.
My boss will have to make a decision.
Zapytaj, czy ona musiała długo czekać.
Did she have to wait long?
Powiedz komuś, że nie musi się spieszyć.
You don’t need to hurry.
Ćwiczenie 6: znajdź błąd
W każdym zdaniu jest jeden błąd. Dotknij złego słowa, a zamieni się w poprawne.
She have to wear a uniform at work.
She has to wear a uniform at work.
I must to finish this report today.
I have to finish this report today.
We have to leave early yesterday.
We had to leave early yesterday.
Does your husband has to travel a lot?
Does your husband have to travel a lot?
He don’t need to come in tomorrow.
He doesn’t need to come in tomorrow.
Did you had to wait long?
Did you have to wait long?
I will has to call you back later.
I will have to call you back later.
You mustn’t pay now. You can pay later.
You needn’t pay now. You can pay later.
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