15 minPast Perfect Continuous przydaje się, kiedy opowiadasz historię i chcesz powiedzieć, jak długo coś trwało, zanim wydarzyło się coś innego. Na początek masz krótkie zasady, a pod nimi 49 zdań w sześciu zestawach, od had been waiting po różnicę z Past Perfect. Każde sprawdza się od razu, a po dobrej odpowiedzi możesz odsłuchać całe zdanie.
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Podstawy masz opanowane? Wskocz poziom wyżej: past Perfect Continuous dla zaawansowanych: had been meaning to, ślady i inne smaczki.
Past Perfect Continuous w skrócie
had been + -ing: jedna forma dla wszystkich
Budowa jest prosta: had been i czasownik z końcówką -ing. Had jest takie samo dla każdej osoby, więc nie musisz pamiętać o has ani have.
- I had been waiting for an hour. (Czekałem już od godziny.)
- She had been working all day. (Pracowała cały dzień.)
- They hadn’t been sleeping well. (Nie spali dobrze.)
Jak długo, zanim coś się stało
Ten czas mówi o czynności, która trwała przez jakiś czas aż do innego momentu w przeszłości. Często pojawia się z for, since i how long.
- We had been driving for six hours when the car broke down. (Jechaliśmy od sześciu godzin, kiedy zepsuł się samochód.)
- How long had you been living there before you moved? (Jak długo tam mieszkałeś, zanim się przeprowadziłeś?)
Widać skutki tego, co trwało
Używasz go też, kiedy w przeszłości widać było ślady wcześniejszej czynności: mokre ulice, czerwone oczy, zmęczenie.
- The streets were wet. It had been raining. (Ulice były mokre. Padało.)
- His eyes were red because he had been crying. (Miał czerwone oczy, bo płakał.)
Past Perfect Continuous czy Past Perfect?
Continuous mówi o samej czynności i o tym, jak długo trwała. Zwykłe Past Perfect mówi o wyniku: ile zrobiłeś, ile razy, co było już skończone. Z liczbą sztuk wybierasz Past Perfect.
- I had been writing emails all morning. (Cały ranek pisałem maile.)
- I had written ten emails by noon. (Do południa napisałem dziesięć maili.)
Czasowniki stanu zostają bez -ing
Know, like, own, believe i podobne czasowniki nie lubią formy -ing. Z nimi mówisz had known, had owned, a nie had been knowing.
- We had known each other for years. (Znaliśmy się od lat.)
- He had owned that car since college. (Miał ten samochód od studiów.)
Ćwiczenie 1: had been waiting, had been working
Wpisz czasownik w Past Perfect Continuous. Skrót i pełna forma (had not) liczą się tak samo.
I ___ (wait) for an hour when the doctor finally called my name.
had been waiting | 'd been waiting
She was tired because she ___ (work) all day.
had been working | 'd been working
The streets were wet. It ___ (rain) all night.
had been raining | 'd been raining
We ___ (drive) for six hours when the car broke down.
had been driving | 'd been driving
His eyes were red. He ___ (cry).
had been crying | 'd been crying
They ___ (date) for three years before they got engaged.
had been dating | 'd been dating
I ___ (not / sleep) well, so I went to see a doctor.
hadn’t been sleeping | had not been sleeping
She ___ (not / feel) well for days before she called in sick.
hadn’t been feeling | had not been feeling
How long ___ you ___ (live) in Boston before you moved to Denver?
had ; been living
What ___ you ___ (do) before I called? You sounded out of breath.
had ; been doing
Ćwiczenie 2: jak długo to trwało i co z tego wynikło
Wpisz czasownik w Past Perfect Continuous. W każdym zdaniu coś trwało przez jakiś czas albo zostawiło widoczny ślad.
My dad ___ (work) at the factory for thirty years when it closed.
had been working
I ___ (study) English for only six months before my trip to New York.
had been studying | 'd been studying
We ___ (save) for two years before we bought our first house.
had been saving | 'd been saving
She ___ (look) for a job since January when she finally got an offer.
had been looking | 'd been looking
The kids ___ (play) outside, so their clothes were dirty.
had been playing
I was angry because I ___ (wait) for him since noon.
had been waiting | 'd been waiting
They ___ (argue) all evening, so dinner was very quiet.
had been arguing | 'd been arguing
He ___ (not / pay) attention, so he missed his exit.
hadn’t been paying | had not been paying
Her English was great because she ___ (watch) American TV for years.
had been watching | 'd been watching
Ćwiczenie 3: Past Perfect Continuous czy Past Perfect?
Wybierz poprawną formę. Czynność i czas jej trwania to had been + -ing, wynik i liczba sztuk to had + trzecia forma.
By noon she ___ three cups of coffee.
- had been drinking
- had drunk
- has been drinking
I ___ for twenty minutes when the bus finally came.
- had been waiting
- have been waiting
- am waiting
When I got home, I saw that someone ___ my car. It was gone.
- had been taking
- had taken
- has taken
He was out of breath because he ___.
- had been running
- has been running
- runs
I ___ that book three times before I saw the movie.
- had been reading
- had read
- have been reading
We ___ in line for an hour before they opened the doors.
- had been standing
- have stood
- are standing
She ___ the report, so she sent it to her boss.
- had been finishing
- had finished
- has been finishing
They ___ each other for ten years before they got married.
- had been knowing
- had known
- have been knowing
The kitchen smelled great. Mom ___ all morning.
- had been baking
- has been baking
- bakes
Ćwiczenie 4: wybierz poprawne zdanie
Najczęstsze pułapki: brak -ing, being zamiast been, has zamiast had i czasowniki stanu z -ing.
Pick the correct sentence.
- I had been work there for a year.
- I had been working there for a year.
- I had being working there for a year.
Pick the correct sentence.
- She had been crying, so her eyes were red.
- She has been crying, so her eyes were red.
- She had been cry, so her eyes were red.
Pick the correct sentence.
- How long had you been knowing him?
- How long had you known him?
- How long you had known him?
Pick the correct sentence.
- We had been driving for hours when we stopped.
- We have been driving for hours when we stopped.
- We had driving for hours when we stopped.
Pick the correct sentence.
- I had been writing five emails by ten.
- I had written five emails by ten.
- I have been written five emails by ten.
Pick the correct sentence.
- He hadn’t been sleeping well for weeks.
- He hadn’t been sleep well for weeks.
- He didn’t been sleeping well for weeks.
Ćwiczenie 5: ułóż zdanie
Ułóż zdanie z rozsypanych słów. Tak opowiadasz, co trwało, zanim coś się wydarzyło.
Powiedz, że byłeś zmęczony, bo pracowałeś cały dzień.
I was tired because I had been working all day.
Powiedz, że padało przez całą noc.
It had been raining all night.
Zapytaj, jak długo ktoś czekał.
How long had you been waiting?
Powiedz, że szukaliście domu przez rok.
We had been looking for a house for a year.
Powiedz, że ona płakała przed spotkaniem.
She had been crying before the meeting.
Powiedz, że od tygodni nie spałeś dobrze.
I hadn’t been sleeping well for weeks.
Zapytaj, co ktoś robił przez cały ranek.
What had you been doing all morning?
Ćwiczenie 6: znajdź błąd
W każdym zdaniu jest jeden błąd. Dotknij złego słowa, a zamieni się w poprawne.
I had been wait for an hour.
I had been waiting for an hour.
She had being working all night.
She had been working all night.
We has been driving for hours.
We had been driving for hours.
How long had you be living there?
How long had you been living there?
He was tired because he has been running.
He was tired because he had been running.
It had been rain all day.
It had been raining all day.
She hadn’t been feel well for days.
She hadn’t been feeling well for days.
They had been arguing for hours when I arrive.
They had been arguing for hours when I arrived.
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Poziom wyżej · B2-C1
Past Perfect Continuous dla zaawansowanych: had been meaning to, ślady i inne smaczki
Znasz już had been z -ing i różnicę z Past Perfect. Tutaj są użycia, które słyszysz w opowieściach, serialach i rozmowach: ślady tego, co się działo (She had been crying), czynność kontra wynik, powtarzane telefony i skargi, I’d been meaning to, czasowniki stanu, mowa zależna i tryb warunkowy z -ing.
Dzięki nim Twoje historie mają tło, a nie tylko listę wydarzeń. Poniżej masz osiem krótkich wyjaśnień i 40 zdań w czterech zestawach, też na osobnej karcie PDF.
Smaczki, których nie ma w podręcznikach
Jak długo, zanim coś się zmieniło
Past Perfect Continuous liczy czas aż do jakiegoś momentu w przeszłości: czynność trwała i wtedy coś się stało. Czasem trwała dalej, czasem właśnie wtedy się skończyła. Pytasz o to How long had you been…?
- She had been teaching for twenty years when she decided to open a bakery. (Uczyła od dwudziestu lat, kiedy postanowiła otworzyć piekarnię.)
- How long had you been working there when they promoted you? (Jak długo tam pracowałeś, zanim Cię awansowali?)
Ślady w przeszłości: She had been crying
Kiedy w opowieści widać skutek, a sama czynność już się skończyła, wyjaśniasz go Past Perfect Continuous. Tak brzmią opowieści i kryminały: czerwone oczy, mokry trawnik, zmęczenie. Często pojawia się przy no wonder albo that’s why.
- Her eyes were red. She had been crying. (Miała czerwone oczy. Płakała.)
- The lawn was soaked. The sprinklers had been running all night. (Trawnik był przemoczony. Zraszacze chodziły całą noc.)
- No wonder he was so tired. He had been driving since dawn. (Nic dziwnego, że był tak zmęczony. Jechał od świtu.)
Czynność czy wynik: had been painting i had painted
Had been painting mówi o samej czynności: zajmowała czas, mogła nie być skończona, zostawiła ślady. Had painted mówi o skończonym efekcie. Z liczbą (five times, three chapters) bierzesz Past Perfect bez -ing. Przy live, work i teach różnica jest niewielka: had lived i had been living znaczą prawie to samo, a forma z -ing brzmi trochę bardziej tymczasowo.
- She had been painting the kitchen, so there was paint on her hands. (Malowała kuchnię, więc miała farbę na rękach.)
- She had painted the kitchen, so it looked brand new. (Pomalowała kuchnię, więc wyglądała jak nowa.)
- I had called her five times by noon. (Do południa zadzwoniłem do niej pięć razy.)
Coś powtarzało się raz po raz
Forma z -ing pasuje też do czynności, które powtarzały się przez pewien czas: telefony, skargi, maile. Liczy się cały ciąg, a nie pojedyncze razy, więc nie podajesz tu liczby.
- People had been complaining about the noise for months. (Ludzie od miesięcy skarżyli się na hałas.)
- He had been calling me all week, so I finally picked up. (Dzwonił do mnie cały tydzień, więc w końcu odebrałem.)
I’d been meaning to, czyli od dawna zamierzałem
I had been meaning to to bardzo naturalny sposób, żeby powiedzieć, że coś od dawna chodziło Ci po głowie, ale tego nie zrobiłeś. Podobnie działają I’d been thinking about i I’d been hoping: łagodzą to, co mówisz, i brzmią mniej wprost.
- I’d been meaning to call you, and then I ran into you at the store. (Od dawna chciałem do Ciebie zadzwonić, a potem wpadłem na Ciebie w sklepie.)
- We’d been thinking about moving for a while. (Od jakiegoś czasu myśleliśmy o przeprowadzce.)
- I’d been hoping you would ask. (Liczyłem, że zapytasz.)
Czasowniki stanu: had known, nie had been knowing
Know, believe, own, belong, want i have w znaczeniu „mieć, posiadać” nie biorą -ing, więc mówisz had known, had owned, had had. Have w wyrażeniach, które opisują czynność albo przeżycie (have trouble, have fun, have dinner), może już mieć formę ciągłą.
- I had known her since high school. (Znałem ją od liceum.)
- He had had that truck for fifteen years. (Miał ten pickup od piętnastu lat.)
- We had been having trouble with the heater all winter. (Całą zimę mieliśmy kłopot z ogrzewaniem.)
Mowa zależna: he said he had been…
Kiedy relacjonujesz zdanie w Present Perfect Continuous (I’ve been working), po said albo told przesuwasz je w Past Perfect Continuous. Zdanie w Past Continuous (I was sleeping) też może się tak przesunąć, choć nie musi.
- "I’ve been working all night." → He said he had been working all night. (Powiedział, że pracował całą noc.)
- "I was sleeping when you called." → She said she had been sleeping when I called. (Powiedziała, że spała, kiedy zadzwoniłem.)
Gdybym wtedy nie…: tryb warunkowy i I wish z -ing
W trzecim trybie warunkowym i po I wish forma z -ing pokazuje czynność, która akurat trwała. If he hadn’t been texting znaczy „gdyby wtedy nie pisał”, czyli chodzi o to, co robił w tamtej chwili.
- If he hadn’t been texting, he wouldn’t have crashed. (Gdyby nie pisał wtedy SMS-ów, nie miałby wypadku.)
- I wish I hadn’t been working that weekend. (Szkoda, że pracowałem w tamten weekend.)
Poziom wyżej, ćwiczenie 1: had been meaning, ślady i pułapki
Wpisz czasownik w Past Perfect Continuous. Uwaga na pułapki: przy czasownikach stanu i przy liczbie sztuk albo razy zostajesz przy had i trzeciej formie. Skrót 'd i pełna forma liczą się tak samo.
I ___ (mean) to call you for weeks, and then you called me first.
had been meaning | 'd been meaning
Her hands were covered in paint. She ___ (paint) the fence.
had been painting | 'd been painting
By the time they promoted her, she ___ (work) there for twelve years.
had been working | 'd been working | had worked | 'd worked
We ___ (have) a great time, so nobody wanted to leave the party.
had been having | 'd been having
I ___ (know) Mike since college, so I trusted him completely.
had known | 'd known
He told me he ___ (sleep) badly since the accident.
had been sleeping | 'd been sleeping
If I ___ (look) at the road, I wouldn’t have hit the mailbox.
had been looking | 'd been looking
How long ___ you ___ (try) to reach me before you gave up?
had ; been trying
Customers ___ (ask) for that feature for months before we finally built it.
had been asking
She ___ (call) me five times by noon.
had called | 'd called
Poziom wyżej, ćwiczenie 2: czynność, wynik czy stan?
Wybierz formę, która pasuje do sytuacji. Po odpowiedzi zobaczysz krótkie wyjaśnienie.
The kitchen was a mess and smelled of garlic. Dad ___.
- had been cooking
- has been cooking
- had been cook
Bałagan i zapach to ślady czynności, która trwała chwilę wcześniej.
By the end of the day, I ___ forty emails.
- had answered
- had been answering
- have been answering
Liczba maili to wynik, więc Past Perfect bez -ing.
I ___ him for ten years before I found out he had a twin brother.
- had known
- had been knowing
- have known
Know to czasownik stanu, więc had known.
He looked exhausted. He ___ double shifts all week.
- had been working
- has been working
- was been working
Zmęczenie było widać wtedy, w przeszłości, więc had been, a nie has been.
When she finally called, I told her I ___ to call her all week.
- had been meaning
- have been meaning
- was meant
Had been meaning to znaczy, że od dawna zamierzałeś to zrobić.
How long ___ before the doctors found the problem?
- had she been feeling sick
- has she been feeling sick
- had she been feel sick
How long had you been…? pyta o czas trwania aż do momentu w przeszłości.
When I walked in, they stopped talking. They ___ about me.
- had been talking
- have been talking
- had been talk
Rozmowa trwała do chwili, kiedy wszedłeś, i wtedy się urwała.
Her English was impressive. She ___ in Chicago for only a year.
- had been living
- has been living
- was been living
Had lived też byłoby poprawne. Przy live różnica jest niewielka.
Last year he told me he ___ on that novel for a decade.
- had been working
- was working since
- works
W mowie zależnej I’ve been working przesuwa się w had been working.
If we ___ so fast, the police wouldn’t have stopped us.
- hadn’t been driving
- don’t drive
- haven’t been driving
Trzeci tryb warunkowy z -ing: chodzi o to, co akurat robiliście.
Poziom wyżej, ćwiczenie 3: znajdź błąd
W każdym zdaniu jest jeden błąd. Dotknij złego słowa, a zamieni się w poprawne.
She had been called me all morning before I picked up.
She had been calling me all morning before I picked up.
They have been dating for two years when he proposed.
They had been dating for two years when he proposed.
I had been meant to fix that door for months.
I had been meaning to fix that door for months.
How long had you been try to sell the house?
How long had you been trying to sell the house?
The floor was wet because the kids has been splashing.
The floor was wet because the kids had been splashing.
If she had being listening, she would have heard her name.
If she had been listening, she would have heard her name.
He told us he had been work late every night.
He told us he had been working late every night.
We had been having trouble with the car since weeks.
We had been having trouble with the car for weeks.
His shirt was covered in grass. He had been mow the lawn.
His shirt was covered in grass. He had been mowing the lawn.
People had been complain about the Wi-Fi for days.
People had been complaining about the Wi-Fi for days.
Poziom wyżej, ćwiczenie 4: ułóż zdanie
Ułóż zdanie albo pytanie z rozsypanych słów. Uważaj: nie każde zdanie potrzebuje formy z -ing.
Powiedz, że od dawna zamierzałeś do niej napisać.
I had been meaning to write to her.
Zapytaj, jak długo ktoś tam pracował, zanim odszedł.
How long had you been working there before you left?
Powiedz, że byli zmęczeni, bo cały tydzień się przeprowadzali.
They were tired because they had been moving all week.
Powiedz, że ona znała go od dzieciństwa.
She had known him since they were kids.
Powiedz, że ona cały tydzień zasypywała Cię mailami.
She had been emailing me all week.
Powiedz, że żałujesz, że nie uważałeś bardziej.
I wish I had been paying more attention.
Przekaż, że on powiedział, że źle sypia.
He said he had been sleeping badly.
Zapytaj, co dzieci robiły w ogrodzie (wróciły całe brudne).
What had the kids been doing in the yard?
Powiedz, że do tamtego wieczoru napisałeś trzy rozdziały.
I had written three chapters by that evening.
Powiedz, że od jesieni mieliście problemy z dachem.
We had been having problems with the roof since fall.
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