7 minShould have, could have i would have przydają się, kiedy wracasz myślami do tego, co już się stało: czego żałujesz, co mogło pójść inaczej i co zrobiłbyś na czyimś miejscu. Na początek masz krótkie zasady, a pod nimi 53 zadania w sześciu zestawach, od I should have called po I would have helped. Każde sprawdza się od razu, a po dobrej odpowiedzi możesz odsłuchać całe zdanie.
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Should have, could have, would have w skrócie
Should have + III forma: powinieneś był
Tak mówisz o żalu albo robisz komuś wyrzut. Coś było dobrym pomysłem, ale się nie wydarzyło. Shouldn’t have znaczy, że coś się stało, a nie powinno.
- We should have made a reservation. (Powinniśmy byli zrobić rezerwację.)
- I shouldn’t have drunk so much coffee. (Nie powinienem był pić tyle kawy.)
Could have + III forma: mogło być inaczej
Could have mówi o możliwości, z której nikt nie skorzystał. Używasz go też, kiedy coś złego prawie się wydarzyło.
- I could have driven you to the airport. (Mogłem Cię zawieźć na lotnisko.)
- That was dangerous. You could have broken your neck! (To było niebezpieczne. Mogłeś skręcić kark!)
Couldn’t have + III forma: nie dało się
Couldn’t have znaczy, że coś było niemożliwe. Często słyszysz je w podziękowaniach i w zachwycie.
- I couldn’t have done it without you. (Nie dałbym rady bez Ciebie.)
- The day couldn’t have been better. (Ten dzień nie mógł być lepszy.)
Would have + III forma: zrobiłbym, ale…
Would have opisuje to, co by się stało, gdyby sytuacja była inna. Często dopowiadasz, co stanęło na przeszkodzie.
- I would have helped you, but you didn’t ask. (Pomógłbym Ci, ale nie poprosiłeś.)
- My dad would have loved this place. (Mój tata pokochałby to miejsce.)
Should’ve, could’ve, would’ve, nigdy „of”
W mowie have brzmi jak krótkie „of”, dlatego słyszysz should’ve. Piszesz zawsze have albo skrót 've, nigdy should of.
- You could’ve told me. (Mogłeś mi powiedzieć.)
- I would’ve called you. (Zadzwoniłbym do Ciebie.)
Ćwiczenie 1: should have i shouldn’t have
Wpisz should have albo shouldn’t have i trzecią formę czasownika. Skróty (should’ve, shouldn’t) i pełne formy liczą się tak samo.
The restaurant was full. We ___ (make) a reservation.
should have made | should’ve made
I ___ (not / drink) so much coffee. Now I can’t sleep.
shouldn’t have drunk | should not have drunk
You ___ (wear) a jacket. It’s freezing out here.
should have worn | should’ve worn
She ___ (not / quit) her job before she found a new one.
shouldn’t have quit | should not have quit
I ___ (check) the weather before we left.
should have checked | should’ve checked
They ___ (not / lend) him so much money.
shouldn’t have lent | should not have lent
We ___ (take) the highway. This road is so slow.
should have taken | should’ve taken
You ___ (not / post) those photos online.
shouldn’t have posted | should not have posted
I ___ (back up) my files. My laptop died yesterday.
should have backed up | should’ve backed up
He ___ (listen) to his doctor.
should have listened | should’ve listened
Ćwiczenie 2: could have i couldn’t have
Wpisz could have albo couldn’t have i trzecią formę czasownika. Could have to możliwość, z której nikt nie skorzystał, a couldn’t have to coś niemożliwego.
Why did you take the bus? I ___ (drive) you.
could have driven | could’ve driven
That was dangerous. You ___ (break) your neck!
could have broken | could’ve broken
We ___ (stay) longer, but the kids were tired.
could have stayed | could’ve stayed
I ___ (not / do) it without your help. Thank you!
couldn’t have done | could not have done
She ___ (become) a professional singer, but she chose law school.
could have become | could’ve become
The game was so exciting. It ___ (not / be) better.
couldn’t have been | could not have been
You ___ (ask) me for help. Why didn’t you?
could have asked | could’ve asked
I ___ (get) the job, but I was too nervous at the interview.
could have gotten | could’ve gotten | could have got | could’ve got
They ___ (not / know) about the party. Nobody told them.
couldn’t have known | could not have known
Ćwiczenie 3: would have, czyli zrobiłbym, ale…
Wpisz would have albo wouldn’t have i trzecią formę czasownika. Skróty (would’ve, wouldn’t) i pełne formy liczą się tak samo.
I ___ (help) you, but you didn’t ask.
would have helped | would’ve helped
I’m glad we didn’t go. I ___ (not / enjoy) the concert.
wouldn’t have enjoyed | would not have enjoyed
She ___ (come) to the wedding, but she was sick.
would have come | would’ve come
I ___ (buy) you a present, but I didn’t know it was your birthday.
would have bought | would’ve bought
In your situation, I ___ (call) the police.
would have called | would’ve called
My dad ___ (love) this place. It’s a shame he never saw it.
would have loved | would’ve loved
I ___ (not / park) here, but there was nowhere else.
wouldn’t have parked | would not have parked
We ___ (go) to the beach, but it rained all weekend.
would have gone | would’ve gone
Ćwiczenie 4: should, could czy would?
Wybierz poprawną formę. Żal i wyrzut to should have, niewykorzystana szansa albo ryzyko to could have, a to, co zrobiłbyś w innej sytuacji, to would have.
I ___ you a ride, but my car was in the shop.
- would have given
- should have given
- must have given
You ___ me they were coming! Now I have to cook for ten people.
- should have told
- would have told
- couldn’t have told
Thanks for everything. I ___ it without you.
- couldn’t have finished
- shouldn’t have finished
- wouldn’t finish
We ___ a cheaper hotel, but we wanted to be near the beach.
- could have found
- should find
- would find
I’m so full. I ___ that second dessert.
- shouldn’t have ordered
- couldn’t have ordered
- wouldn’t order
That was close! The truck ___ us.
- could have hit
- should have hit
- would hit
I didn’t know you needed money. I ___ you some.
- would have lent
- should lend
- must have lent
The test was easy. You ___ so much.
- shouldn’t have worried
- couldn’t have worried
- wouldn’t worry
Why didn’t you call me? I ___ you at the station.
- could have met
- can meet
- could meet
Ćwiczenie 5: ułóż zdanie
Ułóż zdanie z rozsypanych słów. Tak mówisz o tym, co mogło pójść inaczej.
Powiedz, że powinieneś był posłuchać mamy.
I should have listened to my mom.
Powiedz, że nie powinieneś był wydawać tyle pieniędzy.
I shouldn’t have spent so much money.
Powiedz, że mogliście wygrać ten mecz.
We could have won that game.
Powiedz, że nie dałbyś rady bez niej.
I couldn’t have done it without her.
Powiedz, że Twoi rodzice pokochaliby ten dom.
My parents would have loved this house.
Zapytaj, co powinieneś był zrobić.
What should I have done?
Powiedz komuś, że mógł się zabić.
You could have killed yourself.
Powiedz, że nie zostawiłbyś dzieci samych.
I wouldn’t have left the kids alone.
Ćwiczenie 6: znajdź błąd
W każdym zdaniu jest jeden błąd. Dotknij złego słowa, a zamieni się w poprawne.
I should have call my grandma on her birthday.
I should have called my grandma on her birthday.
You could have broke your leg.
You could have broken your leg.
We shouldn’t have went to that restaurant.
We shouldn’t have gone to that restaurant.
I would of helped you with the move.
I would have helped you with the move.
She could has been a great teacher.
She could have been a great teacher.
I couldn’t have did it without you.
I couldn’t have done it without you.
They should have tell us about the delay.
They should have told us about the delay.
He would have came, but his flight was canceled.
He would have come, but his flight was canceled.
You should have wrote it down.
You should have written it down.
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