7 minThird conditional przydaje się, kiedy wracasz do przeszłości i zastanawiasz się, co by było, gdyby: gdybyś wyszedł wcześniej, gdybyś wiedział o promocji, gdybyś wziął tę pracę. Na początek masz krótkie zasady, a pod nimi 52 zadania w sześciu zestawach, od would have po could have, might have i mieszane okresy warunkowe. Każde sprawdza się od razu, a po dobrej odpowiedzi możesz odsłuchać całe zdanie.
Wolisz papier? Pod ćwiczeniami jest karta pracy PDF do druku i osobna wersja z kluczem odpowiedzi.
Third conditional w skrócie
If + had + III forma, would have + III forma
Mówisz o przeszłości, której już nie zmienisz. Po if stawiasz had i trzecią formę, a w drugiej części would have i trzecią formę. Would nigdy nie stoi po if.
- If I had known about the traffic, I would have left earlier. (Gdybym wiedział o korku, wyszedłbym wcześniej.)
- If she hadn’t missed the train, she would have been on time. (Gdyby nie spóźniła się na pociąg, byłaby na czas.)
Could have i might have
Could have znaczy „mógłbym był”, czyli była taka możliwość. Might have znaczy „może bym”, czyli nie ma pewności.
- If you had called me, I could have picked you up. (Gdybyś zadzwonił, mógłbym Cię odebrać.)
- If she had applied, she might have gotten the job. (Gdyby złożyła podanie, może dostałaby tę pracę.)
Skróty: 'd i wouldn’t have
W mowie usłyszysz skróty. Uważaj na 'd: po if to had, a w drugiej części to would. Amerykanie mówią gotten jako trzecią formę od get.
- If I’d known, I’d have helped. (Gdybym wiedział, pomógłbym.)
- We wouldn’t have gotten lost if we’d used the GPS. (Nie zgubilibyśmy się, gdybyśmy włączyli nawigację.)
Mixed conditionals (B2): przeszłość i teraz
Czasem przeszłość wpływa na teraźniejszość. Wtedy łączysz had i trzecią formę z would i zwykłym czasownikiem, często ze słowem now.
- If I had taken that job, I would live in Seattle now. (Gdybym wziął tamtą pracę, mieszkałbym teraz w Seattle.)
- If I had eaten breakfast, I wouldn’t be so hungry now. (Gdybym zjadł śniadanie, nie byłbym teraz taki głodny.)
Ćwiczenie 1: had done, would have done
Wpisz czasownik w poprawnej formie. Po if had i trzecia forma, w drugiej części would have i trzecia forma. Skróty liczą się tak samo.
If I ___ (know) about the traffic, I would have left earlier.
had known | 'd known
If she ___ (not / miss) the train, she would have been on time.
hadn’t missed | had not missed
We ___ (buy) the house if the price had been lower.
would have bought | 'd have bought
If you ___ (ask) me for directions, I would have shown you the way.
had asked | 'd asked
He ___ (not / get) sick if he had worn a jacket.
wouldn’t have gotten | would not have gotten | wouldn’t have got | would not have got
If I ___ (set) my alarm, I wouldn’t have overslept.
had set | 'd set
They ___ (win) the game if their best player hadn’t been injured.
would have won | 'd have won
If we ___ (book) earlier, we would have gotten a cheaper flight.
had booked | 'd booked
I ___ (call) you if my phone hadn’t died.
would have called | 'd have called
What ___ you ___ (do) if they had fired you?
would ; have done
Ćwiczenie 2: could have i might have
Wpisz could have albo might have i trzecią formę czasownika. Słowo z nawiasu podpowiada, którego użyć.
If I had studied harder, I ___ (could / get) into a better college.
could have gotten | could have got
If you had called me, I ___ (could / pick) you up from the airport.
could have picked
If she had applied, she ___ (might / get) the job.
might have gotten | might have got
We ___ (could / save) a lot of money if we had cooked at home.
could have saved
If he had left on time, he ___ (might / not / miss) the flight.
might not have missed
If they had asked nicely, I ___ (might / say) yes.
might have said
If the weather had been better, we ___ (could / go) hiking.
could have gone
If I hadn’t been so tired, I ___ (might / enjoy) the party more.
might have enjoyed
You ___ (could / hurt) yourself if you had fallen off that ladder.
could have hurt
Ćwiczenie 3: wybierz poprawną formę
Wybierz brakującą część zdania. Pamiętaj: had po if, would have w drugiej części.
If I ___ the instructions, I wouldn’t have broken the printer.
- followed
- had followed
- would follow
If you had come to the party, you ___ my cousin.
- would meet
- would have met
- had met
She ___ the email if it hadn’t gone to spam.
- would have seen
- would saw
- had seen
If we hadn’t taken a taxi, we ___ late.
- would have been
- will be
- had been
If he ___ so much coffee, he would have slept better.
- didn’t drink
- hadn’t drunk
- wouldn’t drink
I ___ you if I had known you were in town.
- would have visited
- visited
- will visit
If it hadn’t rained, the kids ___ outside all day.
- could have played
- can played
- had played
If you ___ your receipt, the store would have given you a refund.
- had kept
- kept
- would keep
Would you have taken the job if they ___ you a company car?
- had offered
- offered
- would offer
Ćwiczenie 4 (B2): mieszane okresy warunkowe
Przeszłość wpływa na teraz albo stała sytuacja wpłynęła na przeszłość. Zwróć uwagę na słowa now, today i last night.
If I had taken that job in Seattle, I ___ there now.
- would live
- would have lived
- will live
If she hadn’t missed her flight, she ___ in Paris right now.
- would be
- would have been
- is
If I had eaten breakfast, I ___ so hungry now.
- wouldn’t be
- wouldn’t have been
- won’t be
If we had saved more money, we ___ a bigger apartment today.
- would have
- would have had
- had
If I spoke Spanish, I ___ the job in Madrid last year.
- would have gotten
- would get
- got
If he weren’t so shy, he ___ to her at the party last night.
- would have talked
- would talk
- talked
If you had listened to me, we ___ lost right now.
- wouldn’t be
- wouldn’t have been
- aren’t
Ćwiczenie 5: ułóż zdanie
Ułóż zdanie z rozsypanych słów. If stoi tu w środku zdania, więc przecinka nie ma.
Powiedz, że kupiłbyś bilety, gdybyś wiedział.
I would have bought tickets if I had known.
Powiedz, że nie spóźniłbyś się, gdybyś wyszedł wcześniej.
I wouldn’t have been late if I had left earlier.
Zapytaj rozmówcę, co zrobiłby wtedy na Twoim miejscu.
What would you have done in my place?
Powiedz, że zdążylibyście, gdybyście wzięli taksówkę.
We could have made it if we’d taken a cab.
Powiedz, że może byś nie zdał, gdybyś się nie uczył.
I might have failed if I had not studied.
Powiedz (B2), że byłbyś teraz bogaty, gdybyś wziął tamtą pracę.
I’d be rich now if I had taken that job.
Zapytaj rozmówcę, czy zostałby w firmie, gdyby dostał podwyżkę.
Would you have stayed if you had gotten a raise?
Powiedz komuś, że gdyby nie zadzwonił, przegapilibyście samolot.
We would have missed the flight if you hadn’t called.
Ćwiczenie 6: znajdź błąd
W każdym zdaniu jest jeden błąd. Dotknij złego słowa, a zamieni się w poprawne.
If I had knew about the sale, I would have bought more.
If I had known about the sale, I would have bought more.
If she had asked me, I would have help her.
If she had asked me, I would have helped her.
If we have left earlier, we would have found a parking spot.
If we had left earlier, we would have found a parking spot.
He would have went to the doctor if he had felt worse.
He would have gone to the doctor if he had felt worse.
If I hadn’t forget my wallet, I would have paid.
If I hadn’t forgotten my wallet, I would have paid.
They will have won if they had played better.
They would have won if they had played better.
If you had call me, I would have answered.
If you had called me, I would have answered.
I could have drove you to the airport if you had asked.
I could have driven you to the airport if you had asked.
If he hadn’t lost his keys, he would have be on time.
If he hadn’t lost his keys, he would have been on time.
Karta pracy PDF z kluczem odpowiedzi
Karta pracy do druku
Te same zadania na papierze, A4, za darmo. Osobno wersja z odpowiedziami dla nauczyciela albo do samodzielnego sprawdzenia.