Mieszane okresy warunkowe przydają się, kiedy łączysz dwa czasy w jednym zdaniu: decyzję sprzed lat z tym, jak żyjesz dziś, albo swój charakter z tym, co stało się wczoraj. Na początek masz krótkie zasady, a pod nimi 50 zdań w sześciu zestawach. Każde sprawdza się od razu, a po dobrej odpowiedzi możesz odsłuchać całe zdanie.
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Mixed conditionals w skrócie
Przeszłość zmienia teraz: if + had + III forma, would + czasownik
Warunek dotyczy czegoś, co już się stało albo nie stało. Skutek widzisz dziś. Pierwsza część wygląda jak w third conditional, druga jak w second conditional.
- If I had taken that job, I would live in Berlin now. (Gdybym wziął tamtą pracę, mieszkałbym teraz w Berlinie.)
- If we hadn’t missed the bus, we would be home by now. (Gdybyśmy nie spóźnili się na autobus, bylibyśmy już w domu.)
- If she had studied law, she would be a lawyer today. (Gdyby studiowała prawo, byłaby dziś prawniczką.)
Teraz wyjaśnia przeszłość: if + Past Simple, would have + III forma
Warunek to coś stałego: Twój charakter, umiejętności, sytuacja. Skutek dotyczy jednej konkretnej chwili w przeszłości. Przy be możesz powiedzieć were dla każdej osoby.
- If I were braver, I would have said something. (Gdybym był odważniejszy, coś bym powiedział.)
- If he spoke English, he would have gotten the job. (Gdyby mówił po angielsku, dostałby tę pracę.)
- If I weren’t afraid of flying, I would have gone with you. (Gdybym nie bał się latać, poleciałbym z Tobą.)
Jak poznać, który wariant?
Patrz na słowa czasu. Now, today i by now podpowiadają would + czasownik. Yesterday, last year i last night podpowiadają would have + III forma. Po polsku w obu przypadkach mówisz po prostu „gdybym”, dlatego te zdania łatwo pomylić.
- If I had slept more, I wouldn’t be so tired now. (Gdybym się wyspał, nie byłbym teraz taki zmęczony.)
- If I weren’t so tired, I would have gone out last night. (Gdybym nie był taki zmęczony, wyszedłbym wczoraj wieczorem.)
Bez would po if
Would stoi tylko w części ze skutkiem. Po if nigdy nie mówisz would have. Zamiast would możesz też użyć could albo might.
- If I had saved more money, I could buy a house now. (Gdybym więcej oszczędzał, mógłbym teraz kupić dom.)
- If she were more careful, she might have noticed the mistake. (Gdyby była uważniejsza, może zauważyłaby błąd.)
Ćwiczenie 1: przeszłość, która zmienia teraz
Wpisz would i czasownik. Warunek dotyczy przeszłości, a skutek widać dziś. Skrót i pełna forma (would not) liczą się tak samo.
If I had gone to bed earlier, I ___ (not / be) so tired now.
wouldn’t be | would not be
If we had booked the hotel in advance, we ___ (have) a room now.
would have | 'd have
If she had studied medicine, she ___ (be) a doctor today.
would be | 'd be
If I hadn’t lost my phone, I ___ (know) his address.
would know | 'd know
If they had moved to Florida, they ___ (live) near the beach now.
would live | 'd live | would be living | 'd be living
If you had charged your laptop, it ___ (work) now.
would work
If I had accepted the promotion, I ___ (manage) a team of ten people now.
would manage | 'd manage | would be managing | 'd be managing
If he had married Kate, he ___ (have) three kids now.
would have | 'd have
If we hadn’t sold our car, we ___ (not / need) a taxi tonight.
wouldn’t need | would not need
If I had saved more money in my twenties, I ___ (not / worry) about rent now.
wouldn’t worry | would not worry | wouldn’t be worrying | would not be worrying
Ćwiczenie 2: teraz, które wyjaśnia przeszłość
Wpisz would have i trzecią formę czasownika. Warunek to coś stałego, a skutek dotyczy jednej chwili w przeszłości.
If I were more organized, I ___ (not / miss) the deadline last week.
wouldn’t have missed | would not have missed
If she could drive, she ___ (pick) you up from the airport yesterday.
would have picked | 'd have picked
If he weren’t so stubborn, he ___ (apologize) yesterday.
would have apologized | 'd have apologized | would have apologised
If I didn’t have a fear of flying, I ___ (go) to Mexico with you last month.
would have gone | 'd have gone
If you knew my mother, you ___ (not / say) that at dinner.
wouldn’t have said | would not have said
If we lived closer to the office, we ___ (not / be) late this morning.
wouldn’t have been | would not have been
If I weren’t allergic to cats, I ___ (take) the kitten home.
would have taken | 'd have taken
If my boss trusted me, he ___ (give) me that project.
would have given | 'd have given
If I liked spicy food, I ___ (order) the curry last night.
would have ordered | 'd have ordered
Ćwiczenie 3: would czy would have?
Wybierz poprawną formę. Patrz na słowa czasu: now i today albo yesterday i last week.
If I had listened to my doctor, I ___ healthier now.
- would be
- would have been
- will be
If Mark were a better listener, he ___ what I said yesterday.
- would hear
- would have heard
- heard
If we hadn’t missed the train, we ___ at the hotel by now.
- would be
- would have
- are
If I didn’t have so much work, I ___ to your party last Saturday.
- would come
- would have come
- came
If she had kept her old job, she ___ much happier today.
- would be
- will be
- was
If they weren’t so busy, they ___ us last weekend.
- would have visited
- would visit
- visited
If you had told me earlier, I ___ in this mess now.
- wouldn’t be
- wouldn’t have been
- am not
If I had learned to cook, I ___ takeout every night now.
- wouldn’t order
- wouldn’t have ordered
- don’t order
If my sister lived in Chicago, she ___ me at the airport yesterday.
- would meet
- would have met
- met
Ćwiczenie 4: wybierz poprawne zdanie
Najczęstsze pułapki: would po if, would have przy słowie now i czas teraźniejszy w warunku.
Pick the correct sentence.
- If I had saved money, I would own a house now.
- If I would have saved money, I would own a house now.
- If I had saved money, I would have owned a house now.
Pick the correct sentence.
- If I am taller, I would have played basketball in college.
- If I were taller, I would have played basketball in college.
- If I were taller, I will have played basketball in college.
Pick the correct sentence.
- If we had left on time, we would have been there now.
- If we had left on time, we would be there now.
- If we left on time, we would have been there now.
Pick the correct sentence.
- If I knew how to swim, I would have joined you at the lake.
- If I know how to swim, I would have joined you at the lake.
- If I knew how to swim, I will join you at the lake.
Pick the correct sentence.
- If he hadn’t crashed his car, he wouldn’t need a ride now.
- If he didn’t crash his car, he wouldn’t need a ride now.
- If he hadn’t crashed his car, he won’t need a ride now.
Pick the correct sentence.
- If she wasn’t so busy, she will call you.
- If she isn’t so busy, she would have called you.
- If she weren’t so busy, she would have called you.
Ćwiczenie 5: ułóż zdanie
Ułóż zdanie z rozsypanych słów. Część z if stoi tu na końcu, więc nie potrzebujesz przecinka.
Powiedz, że byłbyś teraz w domu, gdybyś wyszedł wcześniej.
I would be home now if I had left earlier.
Powiedz, że nie byłbyś teraz głodny, gdybyś zjadł lunch.
I wouldn’t be hungry now if I had eaten lunch.
Powiedz, że zadzwoniłbyś do niej, gdybyś znał jej numer.
I would have called her if I knew her number.
Powiedz, że on by przyszedł, gdyby nie był taki nieśmiały.
He would have come if he weren’t so shy.
Zapytaj kogoś, gdzie mieszkałby teraz, gdyby się nie przeprowadził.
Where would you live now if you hadn’t moved?
Powiedz, że mówiłbyś teraz płynnie, gdybyś zaczął się uczyć wcześniej.
I would speak fluently now if I had started earlier.
Powiedz, że nie spóźniłbyś się dziś rano, gdybyś miał samochód.
I wouldn’t have been late if I had a car.
Powiedz, że coś byś powiedział, gdybyś był odważniejszy.
I would have said something if I were braver.
Ćwiczenie 6: znajdź błąd
W każdym zdaniu jest jeden błąd. Dotknij złego słowa, a zamieni się w poprawne.
If I had taken the job, I would have lived in Boston now.
If I had taken the job, I would be living in Boston now.
If I weren’t so tired, I would go out last night.
If I weren’t so tired, I would’ve gone out last night.
If we had bought the tickets, we will be at the concert now.
If we had bought the tickets, we would be at the concert now.
If he spoke French, he would understand the waiter yesterday.
If he spoke French, he would’ve understood the waiter yesterday.
If I have studied law, I would be a lawyer now.
If I had studied law, I would be a lawyer now.
If I hadn’t spent all my money, I will have a new phone now.
If I hadn’t spent all my money, I would have a new phone now.
If my dad is still alive, he would have loved this wedding.
If my dad were still alive, he would have loved this wedding.
If I hadn’t forgot my glasses, I could read this menu now.
If I hadn’t forgotten my glasses, I could read this menu now.
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